Greek Philosophy And The Greek Creation - 1593 Words

The word â€Å"philosophy†, comes from the Ancient Greek word (Phileo), meaning â€Å"to love† or â€Å"to befriend† and (Sophia), meaning â€Å"wisdom†; making philosophy stand for â€Å"the love of wisdom†. Philosophy is about understanding the fundamental truths about ourselves, the world in which we live in, and our relationships to the world and amongst each other. It is the study of general problems connected with existence, values, language, and mind. Those who study philosophy (philosophers), engage in asking, answering, and arguing their answers to life’s most basic questions. Philosophy is often seen as a â€Å" Greek Creation†. Ancient Greek philosophy aroused during the 6th century and continued throughout the Hellenistic era. It focused on the role of reason and inquiry. The Greeks believed in the rational reason that the world is like it is. What is the world made of? What is the ultimate substance of reality? This is w hy they were classified as â€Å"thinkers†. Greek philosophers were great thinkers who were determined to seek out the validity behind a certain subject. The Ancient Greek philosophical tradition broke away from a mythological approach that used Greek heroes to explain the world, and it initiated an approach based on logic and evidence. One philosopher who has had a great impact on western civilization between 2000 B.C. to the 16th century is Plato. Plato was often thought as one of the most influential philosophers of all time. He was a ClassicalShow MoreRelatedMythic and Pre-Socratic Worldviews1142 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy is a very important part of people’s lives. Philosophy is quite basically asking inquiries about existence, reality and nature of knowledge. To better understand philosophy we must look throughout history. Looking back through history helps better show what the philosophers thought during the time period in which they lived. The relativity of the theories, to the time period, is a very important factor in how efficient these theories they were. The first philosopher’s ideas to people todayRead More Roman and Greek Philosophys Influence on Todays Western Culture780 Words   |  4 Pagesand politics were made in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. Greek philosophers were among the first in the West to explore nature in a rational way and to make educated guesses about the creation of the world and the universe. This is why Greece is often referred to as the birthplace of Western culture. The ancient Greeks viewed the world in a way that one would today perhaps describe as holistic. Science, philosophy, art and politics were interwoven and combined into one worldview. MoreoverRead MoreAncient Greek And Romes Impact On Western Literature1642 Words   |  7 Pages The impact greek and roman culture had on western civilization The ancient Greeks and Romans were two of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world. The two civilizations thrived in their ancient environments which eventually led to a large amount of wealth within these two cultures. It is because of this that these ancient cultures were able to make a variety of advancements in literature, architecture, art and many other fields. These two civilizations also produced some of the ancient world’sRead MoreGreek Mythology and Its Effects on Civilization803 Words   |  4 PagesGreek religion encompasses the collection of beliefs and rituals practiced in ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. Many Greeks recognized the major gods and goddesses, such as Zeus, Poseidon, Hades and many others through philosophies such as Stoicism. The religious practices of the Greeks extended beyond mainland Greece to the islands and costs of Ionia in Asia Minor to Sicily and southern Italy, and scattered Greek c olonies in the Western MediterraneanRead MoreThe Work Of A Vase Painter Of The Mid 400 s B.c1003 Words   |  5 Pagescomposition, shape, line, color, value, and texture. The fundaments of art originated from the Greeks and Romans. To achieve a realist image, the combination of the fundamentals of art creates the illusion of something real. Proportions of a human body were developed by a renaissance artist named Leonardo Divinci. Divinci was not the only historical figure who created the ideal proportions of a human body. Greeks used a system of measures when they made temples and used a standard unit of measure to drawRead MoreThe Between Mythology And Philosophy1033 Words   |  5 PagesWebster dictionary defines dichotomy as, â€Å"A difference between two opposite things; a division into two opposite groups† (Miriam Webster). The â€Å"Greek Dichotomy,† therefore, relates to the division between mythology and philosophy, two seemingly opposing ideas both captures in the concept of art. These two sides are sometimes considered the Dionysians and the Apollonians of art. Dionysians represent the mythological and â€Å"free† side. They seem more creative and imaginative in comparison to the ApolloniansRead MoreThe Myth Of The Atlantis1203 Words   |  5 Pagesbuilt by the Greek philosopher Plato, researchers revived the ancient legend of this lost paradise myth. The origin of the myth goes back of course to Plato who describes the Atlantis as a civilization barbaric, greedy luxury and whose decadence provoked the anger of the gods who, punishment, caused a cataclysm that engulfs the city. But, researchers and scientists evidence prove that Atlantis is only a myth. Naddaf, Gerard. The Atlantis Myth: An Introduction to Plato s Later Philosophy of HistoryRead MorePythagoras, Plato, And Plotinus989 Words   |  4 Pagesother philosophies and then shape their own philosophies from them. Even if they do not outright claim they have done so or that they were influenced by an earlier philosophy, one can still find links between philosophers and their theories. Pythagoras, Plato, and Plotinus, though from all different historical and philosophical periods, formed philosophies similar to one another or built upon aspects from one another’s. Pythagoras (Ancient History Encyclopedia) Pythagoras, am Ionian Greek mathematicianRead MoreEssay on Exploring International Psychology1045 Words   |  5 Pagesspecial interest to the ancient roots of Greek, Chinese and Indian psychology. In this research, I found myself replaying a statement I read when learning about the hypothesis regarding the history of psychology. This statement is â€Å" It may be possible that parts of history have indeed been chaotic whereas other parts have been linear and progressive and still others have been cyclical† (King, Viney and Woody, 2009, p.9). Ancient Roots of Greek psychology Greek influences appear to have the most presenceRead More The Rise Of Christianity Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe rise of Christianity in philosophy One influential cult was based upon a mystical interpretation of Plato. Neo-Platonism was like a rational science that attempted to break down and describe every aspect of the divine essence and its relationship with the human soul. An Alexandrian Jew named Philo tried using Greek philosophy to interpret the Jewish scriptures. He wanted to unite the two traditions by suggesting that the Greek philosophers had been inspired by the same God who had revealed

Liberalism, Communism, And Social Democracy - 736 Words

The three political ideologies I will discuss in this paper are Liberalism, Communism, and Social Democracy. These ideologies emerged in the 19th century and are views on society and the way in which it is governed. Liberalism, Communism, and Social Democracy are social, political, and economic doctrines. They share many differences, big and small, but these differences contribute to their overall objective of the betterment of society. How they choose to implement and lead towards that goal is what will be discussed in this paper. Liberalism declares give to priority, freedom, and power to the individual. It’s the optimist of the group, as it believes that humans are good-hearted by nature. There’s over 15 lesser known sub-categories of†¦show more content†¦Marx and Engels objective was to end capitalism because they blamed social class system believing that it caused exploitation of workers thus developing class consciousness. Communism then believes the result would be a core process of class conflict that would be solved through immense struggle. At the center of the Communist ideology, is economic equality through eradicating private property, and center on the idea that inequality and the class-divide is a result of capitalism and calls for a new society with no private property, social classes, or profits. Social democracy is a political philosophy that actually loosely falls under the category of Liberalism. It seeks to alleviate harsh aspects of capitalism through intervention and services of state. Similar to the views observed in Liberalism, Social Democracy has a view of society the believes in equality. They inherit the belief that society is what people make of it. But even with that said, individualistic views of society are something that Social Democracy actually rejects which brings up another difference since it is seen and accepted in liberal ideologies. In the ideology, the state plays a role in which it advertises a generally law abiding, healthy, peaceful society. This is where the ideology differs with the beliefs of Communism, who views the state as a being of oppression. The example people normally associate with Social Democracy is the NordicShow MoreRelatedPolitical Ideology Essay1274 Words   |  6 Pagessociety. In this paper I will compare and contrast; libera lism, social democracy, fascism, communism, and anarchy. Also I will give my opinion on which one of these forms of government would be the most ideal to run a modern day county or society. Before I can begin comparing and contrasting we need to have a working understanding of all the political ideology’s stated above. The first political ideology that I will discuss is liberalism. Liberalism as defined by Essentials of Comparative PoliticsRead MorePolitical Ideologies On Politics, Economics, And Morality992 Words   |  4 Pagesshould occur, social order, and the role of the government. These ideologies can influence people’s perspective on politics, economics, and morality. They are capable of launching social movements, starting wars, and creating new nations. There is a broad spectrum of political ideologies some of which that include anarchism, communism, socialism, liberalism, conservatism, and fascism. Anarchism calls for the abolition of a centralized government and encourages participatory democracy. Anarchism isRead MoreLiberal and Radical Approaches in Zambia1744 Words   |  7 PagesThe main argument of this essay is to compare and contrast the liberal and radical approaches to social change. Accompanied by practical examples, I will state and re-enforce the theoretical approach that plausibly explains the prevailing circumstances in Zambia. This essay will begin by defining briefly what the liberal and radical approaches are; also it will explain what is understood by the term social change. It is also necessary to point out that I have taken a stand on agreeing that the liberalRead MoreThe Cold War : American Liberalism Vs. Soviet Communism1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War - was at its root a battle of ideas: American liberalism vs. Soviet Communism. The two ideologies clashed at their very nature, which led to deep mistrust and fear of the unknown about the unpredict ability of the other. The two world powers simply could not exist without conflict. As a result, The United States of America took measures to prevent the worst: war. The steps the U.S.A took to quench the possibility of war separated the world even more, as they gave aid to some countriesRead MorePolitical Philosophy Of Liberalism1098 Words   |  5 PagesLiberalism is a political viewpoint that is established on the thoughts of liberty and equality. Thus, liberalists promote various ideas that are aligned to the concepts of liberty and equality such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, gender equality, and civil rights. In general, it can be argued that the philosophy of liberalism is focused on protecting and promoting the freedom of the people (Celikates and Jansen). As such, it presents the people as the central issue of politics. In factRead MoreEssay about Liberal Democracy1177 Words   |  5 PagesLiberal democracy Introduction To begin with Francis Fukuyamas, provocative thesis, that after the fall of communism in Europe and the withering of the grand ideological contests, history too has ended. In his end of history theory, he maintained that the western liberal democracy had become the `final form of human government. The fact is that though not all theorists have this kind of a faith in liberal democracy, and believe that its not the only feasible form of democracy, they areRead MoreContrast Communism And Communism1408 Words   |  6 PagesLiberalism and Communism, two ends of a spectrum, two ideologies that people have long seen as being diametrically opposed to each other. Though these aforementioned philosophies have some truths in them, they are not completely consistent with facts. Communism is often flagrantly misunderstood in America; it brings up images of the communist programs in Russia, Cuba, and China, of ruthless dictators, forced workmanship, and long ration lines, though these images ar e propaganda based and misconstructionsRead MoreImportance Of The Views Of Karl Marx And Abraham Kuyper1709 Words   |  7 Pagescome up with different ideas on how to solve a problem. The main purpose is to look at Marx’s and Kuyper’s ideas of human nature, main causes of social inequality and economic hardship, the solution, assumptions that come with the solutions, and if their ideas hold up in the twenty-first century. Marx has the idea that human nature is based on communism. Through history we see the oppressors and the oppressed in some type of battle. There are examples in history such as, â€Å"Freeman and slave, patricianRead MoreConservatism And Liberalism914 Words   |  4 Pagescan be benefit from lower taxes, less government regulation. Liberalism will support in a more active role of the government, by helping with a higher financially spending, regulation, and policies that will enable them to achieve a greater social equality to minorities and the unfavorable ones. Conservatism and liberalism have been a part of the political ideas and thoughts from the beginning of the of the American democracy. The democracy roles have changed in society over many years. The basic principlesRead MoreFreedom: Sharon and Port Hurom Statement Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthe single system compatible with freedom . . .Communism is named as the named as the greatest threat to democracy. (1) Despite the libertarians eventually being forced out from the YAF, the â€Å"Sharon Statement† shows how the core of the libertarians influences the Statement. The Statement appealed to the various Conservative factions by staying with narrow boundaries.(2) The YAF supported the war in Vietnam, seeing it was a fight against communism. The YAF would also be against negotiations

Example of Bullwhipp Effect free essay sample

The Barilla company, a major pasta producer located in Italy provides a demonstrative of issues resulting from the bullwhip effect. Barilla offered special discounts to their customer who ordered full truckload of their goods. Such marketing deals created customer demand-patterns were highly peaked and volatile. The supply chain costs were so high that they outstripped the benefits from full truckload transportation. The Barilla case was one of the first published cases that empirically supported the bullwhip phenomenon. The 5 major reasons leading to the bullwhip effect according to Lee: Demand signal processing is the is the practice of decision makers adjusting the parameters of the inventory replenishment rule. Target stock levels, safety stocks and demand forecasts are updated in view of information or deviations from targets. Another major cause of the bullwhip problem is the lead-time, which is caused by two components. The physical delays and also delays in cause of information. We will write a custom essay sample on Example of Bullwhipp Effect or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The lead-time is a key parameter to calculate safety stocks. The third bullwhip creator is the practice of order batching. Economies of scale in ordering, production set-ups or transportation will quite clearly increase order variability. The fourth major cause of bullwhip is highlighted by Lee has to do with price fluctuations. Price discounts and quantity discounts are often offered by retailers. So the retailers buy goods in advance and quantities and store them. This do not reflect their immediate needs. The fifth cause of bullwhip is connected with rationing and shortage gaming. Inflated orders placed by supply chain occupants during shortage periods tend to boost the bullwhip effect. Possibilities to minimize the bullwhip effect (in order to avoid costs): improve communication in the supply chain simultaneousness of actions (therefore time delays and reaction times can be avoided) centralization of disposition establish strategic alliances reduce the variability

The Colour Purple Essay Example For Students

The Colour Purple Essay A Lesson Well LearnedThe Color PurpleAlice Walker, POCKET BOOKS/WASHINGTON SQUARE PRESS, 1982. The intensively descriptive novel, The Color Purple is about Celie, a woman born in the early 1900’s, unselfishly surviving the social injustices of those times. As the novel unfolds, Celie experiences so much sorrow, that she is forced to grow up quickly and learn to appreciate the little that life has to offer her. As new people enter her life, she is encouraged to look at life differently and she discovers that she too can have a chance to laugh and love. The themes Alice Walker tries to convey are the reoccuring themes of learning, love and happiness. Understanding the themes allowed me to find the novel fulfilling, well thought out and suitable for young adults, for throughout Celie’s life, she connected with several people who touched heart and showed her the meaning of joy. During her life, she had three strong teachers: Nettie, Sophia and Shug Avery. We will write a custom essay on The Colour Purple specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Celie’s first joy was definitely Nettie, her younger sister. From early childhood, they shared the same fears and hope. Nettie taught Celie how to hope from a very young age. This was Celie’s first step to happiness. One instance was Nettie’s persistance in teaching Celie how to read. Nettie constantly pushed her to keep trying and always left her with a positive attitude. â€Å"Celie, you smart too.†, Nettie would tell her, and slowly but surely, Celie did learn to read. Nettie shared her intelligence but could not improve Celie’s soft-spoken and weak personality. Sofia, Celie’s step daughter in law, on the other hand was a very strong woman, both physically and mentally. She had a naturally overbearing personality from the first time her character was introduced. Her self-confidence and certainty not only helped her improve the sexist ways of her time, but made Celie realize that she too, could gain control and change the horrible way she was treated by her husband. A prime example of a time where she inspired Celie was when Celie was in the field and Harpo, her step-son, had asked her how he could change his relationship with Sophia so that he could order her around. Celie’s only response was â€Å"beat her† because that was the only thing that happened in her relationship with her husband. When Sophia found out that Celie had told him to do that, she approached Celie and told her that she had worked all her life for respect and that when she finally had it, Celie had to try and turn things around. This was when Celie di scovered that she could help change the sexist ways of her husband, but once again, her weak personality kept her from doing so. The person who impacted Celie’s life the most was the eccentric Shug Avery. She was a famous singer who happened to appear in Celie’s life at the perfect time. Shug helped Celie tie all her learned lessons together to complete the circle. Shug taught Celie that she shouldn’t let life happen to her, but that she should make life happen. Celie loved Shug’s freedom and wanted independence of her own. Shug helped Celie take charge of her own destiny. Shug had a very positive influence on Celie and her influence made Celie turn her entire life around. Celie left her husband and started a brand new life full of happiness. The Color Purple is a spirited novel full of well-learned lessons. It holds the keys to the happiness of a black woman of the early 1900’s. Celie was taught to hope, to have self respect, and to control her life. This book gives us a better understanding of our perception of life and love by first showing us misery, and then happiness. .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd , .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd .postImageUrl , .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd , .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd:hover , .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd:visited , .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd:active { border:0!important; } .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd:active , .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u10eb80aae18b825440b851af6e28dfbd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Macbeth 13 EssayBibliographyAlice Walker, POCKET BOOKS/WASHINGTON SQUARE PRESS, 1982. 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Evidence-based practice Essay Example

Evidence-based practice Paper Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a wide ranging term with a large and multi-faceted meaning. Traditionally, a narrow definition may refer to EBP as de-emphasising intuition, unsystematic clinical experience and stresses the examination of clinical evidence from research (Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group, 1992). This definition misses the current broad and overarching nature of evidence-based practice. A more broad and current definition by the McMaster University Evidence Based Medicine Group (1996) identifies implications for the research used, for example concepts such as validity and appropriate data collection methods, as well as acknowledging patient preference as an important factor. Evidence-based practice has become a cornerstone of a variety of professional conduct, for example, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) mandates, for example, that all advice given to patients is based upon the best available evidence (NMC, 2008). The evidence provided by research does not, however, necessarily mandate a change in practice: the whole purpose of EBP is to use available research to inform practice, and as a result of good judgement by practitioners ensure that as healthcare professionals we do what is best by our patients (Sackett, 1996). The paper selected for analysis is called Effective and Sustainable Multimedia Education for Children with Asthma: A Randomized Control Trial (Krishna et al. 2006). Asthma is a common condition, affecting more than 5. million people in the UK as of 2004 (Asthma UK, 2004), costing the British economy more than  £ 2. 3 billion a year in a combination of NHS costs, lost days due to sickness etc. (Asthma UK, 2004). In 2001, 69,000 hospital admissions were directly related to asthma: more than 40,000 of these were adult admissions (Department of Health, 2001). With a combination of good education and access to appropriate healthcare services, these admissions could be reduced: chi ldren in good control of their condition are much less likely to require hospital admissions after transfer to adult services (Department of Health, 2004). We will write a custom essay sample on Evidence-based practice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Evidence-based practice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Evidence-based practice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, as an adult nurse, I can see that the correct education in relation to asthma as a child can only benefit the patients that I take care of in the future. A possible specific question that the researchers aim to answer is presented as part of an introductory sentence. The overall aim of the study appears to be to improve asthma care by trying a different method of information-giving (i. e. multimedia presentation). The question appears to be equivocal: according to Cormack and Benton (2000) a good question will involve some mention of the different variables involved, something that this question fails to do. Following on from this is a list of five specific hypotheses that the study aimed to examine. Despite the lack of a clear and explicit research question, these hypotheses serve to focus the research: they form a clear, measurable guide as to what the researchers expect from the results (Hek Moule, 2006). However, this particular study only examines two of the five hypotheses, as the other three were already examined thoroughly in a previous study. This indicates that the bulk of the study was already completed, possibly in some form of pilot study. Therefore, this specific study only examines a small proportion of what it initially intended. Unfortunately, a copy of the previous research could not be found, and therefore specific details cannot be ascertained. The paper appears to be quantitative in nature: the researchers are seeking to test hypotheses, have operationalised the concepts to be measured and have created, in advance, the tools with which to measure the outcomes (Parahoo, 2006). Further more, the title of the article states that the research is a randomised control trial (RCT). Research of quantitative design is intended to look at facts and figures rather than opinions, be objective, rather than subjective and produce hard and fast data that can be applied to a larger population (Carter, 1996). This study aims to test two hypotheses: one will be tested using numbers (the results of spirometry) and the other using results from a Likert-scale questionnaire, again producing a number (a percentage). Therefore, a qualitative design, whereby opinions and feelings would be recorded would be inappropriate (Carter, 1996). Of course, it could be argued that the quantitative method of asking opinions is a qualitative design, rather than quantitative. The very fact that the researchers are asking for opinions could be considered inherently qualitative, as any results obtained would be subjective, that is personal to the respondent. This potentially would make the study a mixed methods design, whereby both quantitative and qualitative design aspects are incorporated into a single study (Hek Moule, 2006). This design has advantages, such as increasing the scope of research: not only is factual data obtained, but is then complemented by the thoughts and feelings of the target group. This allows conclusions to be broader and relevant (Arthur Nazroo, 2003). Conversely, a mixed-method study may produce contradictory results, and it may be difficult, if not impossible to ascertain which data is accurate, therefore rendering the research potentially useless (Maggs-Rapport, 2000). True to the design of a RCT, the study incorporates two groups: an experimental group (receiving both traditional and multimedia interventions) and a control group (receiving only the traditional intervention). The purpose of the control group is primarily to give a comparison, in this case, comparing the new intervention with the old. This system can be inherently unethical, discussed in later sections. As previously stated, the study claims to be a randomised control trial (RCT), more specifically an open experiment, meaning that everyone participating in the study was aware of who was in which group and it was conducted within a controlled environment. In this case, it is quite appropriate to use an RCT, as the questions posed by the study seem best answered with this means. Randomised control studies are designed to be carried out within a practice environment, within which variables can be easily controlled or manipulated (Hek Moule, 2006). Unfortunately, although experiment-design studies are easier to control, the do have some disadvantages. For example, they can be seen to be particularly susceptible to the Hawthorne Effect, whereby participants responses are skewed by the knowledge that they are in a trial (Carter, 1996). An open design, in this specific case, was probably the only way to make this study feasible. Blinding the participants to the theme of the study would have proved extremely difficult, and also quite unethical given the ages of the participants (Parahoo, 2006). A possible alternative design could have been based more around a qualitative design: placing more emphasis on the personal experience of the patient after using the multimedia software provided and the traditional methods. A semi-structured interview, whereby all of the participants are interviewed, using a set of questions to provide a loose structure (Hek Moule, 2006), would have allowed a more subjective view of patient experiences, but suffers from being completely subjective, as well as expensive, difficult to measure and almost impossible to apply to an entire population (Bell, 2005). It is also a method fraught with reliability issues: for example, interviewing is not necessarily an innate skill, and those conducting the interviews will need to be experienced, so as not to inadvertently lead the participant, or provide any cues that may influence the respondent (Hek Moule, 2006). The sample used in this experiment consisted initially of 246 children fitting the recruitment criterion, falling to 228 after attrition for various reasons. The sample appears to be convenience sample: the participants were obtained from a population that the researcher had easy access to (Parahoo, 2006). It appears that the initial 246 children were those that responded positively to participating in the trial from 1000 children asked. This, however, is not explicitly stated, and has been interpreted from given information. The use of convenience sampling is appropriate for the research design. This method of sampling involves selecting participants that are easily available (Herek, 1997), in this case attendees at the researchers clinics. Convenience, or accidental, sampling can be appropriate for a number of different reasons. For example, the researchers in this case needed to gain access to a very specific group of patients, namely asthmatic children, and therefore any asthmatic children presenting at the clinic would fit the criteria. It is therefore a cheap and easy method of gaining participants (Parahoo, 2006). Although a large number of research papers use such a method (Webb, 2003), it does have some rather unfortunate drawbacks. For example, patients attending the clinic would have been from a rather small region, and therefore the sample and by default the research findings could not be said to be representative of the population (Hek Moule, 2006), something that quantitative research seeks to achieve. An alternative method of sampling could be stratified random sampling, whereby the potential participants are randomly selected according a specific frame, accounting for variables such as ethnic group and gender, thus ensuring that a more accurate representation of the population is obtained (Hunt Tyrrell, 2001). Unfortunately, this sampling method can become extremely complex: as only 1000 potential participants were initially identified, accounting for several different variables could have resulted in an extremely small sample (Hunt Tyrrell, 2001). Indeed, in order to increase this sample size could become extremely expensive and time-consuming. In order to be applicable to a population, an appropriate sample size is needed that reflects the population as a whole (Parahoo, 2006). According to Hek and Moule (2006), a smaller sample size is more appropriate to a qualitative study (interested in the quality of the information) rather than a qualitative study (interested in gaining more information to make wider judgements). As this study has been identified as quantitative, a larger sample size would be expected (Hek Moule, 2006). As approximately 20 million Americans suffer from asthma (this being an American study), a convenience sample of 228 children can hardly be representative of this number. The research makes no justification or explanation as to why such a small number was used, something that would be expected for such an unusually small sample (Parahoo, 2006). Data collection methods refer to the methods/tools used by the researchers to obtain their data for analysis. In this case, the data collection methods included a variety of questionnaires were used, as well as demographic forms and the physiological measurement of forced expiratory volumes/flows (FEV): both FEV1 and FEF75%. A questionnaire is popular method of data collection, especially for quantitative research, mainly because it is predetermined, standardised and structured: three important and defining factors in quantitative research (Leung, 2001). That is not to say that, when correctly used, it does not have a place within qualitative research (Hek Moule, 2006). Questionnaires, in this case, were used for the most of the data collection. The use of questionnaires, although potentially quite difficult, can be advantageous. A well-designed questionnaire can be a fast, objective and comprehensive tool used to collect large amounts of data from very large populations in a reasonably small time frame (Milne, 1999). In this case, the questionnaires were filled out within the environment of the clinic, meaning that not only could several different people be participating at the same time, response rates would also have been exceptionally high (a common downfall of the questionnaire can be poor return rate). Questionnaires can be quite difficult to design and implement for several different reasons. For example, they can be expensive to develop and may require piloting before mainstream use (Parahoo, 2006). In this case, the majority of the questionnaires were designed by the researchers themselves, rather than using previously-validated examples, which could be costly (Parahoo, 2006). In such a case, the reliability and validity of the tool could be called into question. The lack of independent validation can mean that a poor quality questionnaire is employed, which could then impact upon the validity of the results (Milne, 1999). The results of questionnaires can also be quite limiting: respondents may not get to sufficiently give their views as there is no facility for this in a standardised format (Milne, 1999). An alternative to the questionnaire approach could have taken the form of some type of debriefing interview, for example a structured, one to one interview with a researcher using a guiding questionnaire. The advantages of this qualitative method of data collection include the sheer volume of information that can be obtained, as well as the potential for a much deeper understanding of patients feelings (Arthur Nazroo, 2003). Unfortunately, such an interview would be extremely time-consuming, and therefore not appropriate for a quantitative design structure. The data analysis section of the research appears initially to be quite comprehensive. The presence of a specific data analysis plan indicates that this section was well thought out and planned in advance. Despite this, the statistics are quite complex and difficult to follow. Selection of data evaluation techniques depends upon a number of variables, for example the sample size, sample method and research design (Parahoo, 2006). The researchers make quite extensive use of significance tests: for example, the t-test used to compare the means average results between the control and experimental groups and by extension the p-value of 0. 05 are both valid and appropriate data analysis techniques in these circumstances (Parahoo, 2006). Unfortunately, the results of the t-test can be quite difficult to interpret, as the researchers have neglected to include a value for the degrees of freedom. Without this value, it is impossible to extrapolate the parameters for such a t-value, and therefore an accuracy statement is impossible. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test employed to determine significant difference also seems to be an appropriate test. Significant different in this case refers to the odds that the difference between experimental and a control group is down to chance (Statistics. com, 2007). The CMH test is one such test, and seems to have been employed appropriately to show that the significant differences between the groups were not down to chance in all cases. With regard to presentation of data, two charts were presented: one relating to the spirometry results and the other the results of the questionnaire on acceptance of interactive multimedia. The table relating to lung function test shows data concerning both the experimental and control groups, including both their mean results and the standard deviation. The mean result refers to the average of the results over 12 months (Parahoo, 2006), whereas the standard deviation identifies how far around the mean the data was spread (Hek Moule, 2006). From this chart, it can be inferred that lung function improved in both groups over a period of twelve months, but improved more in the experimental group than the control group. This method of presenting the data is both clear and easy to interpret (Donnan, 1996). The chart representing acceptance of interactive multimedia shows what percentage of participants circled each response in the relevant questionnaire. From looking at the chart, it can be inferred, for example, that 100% of participants found the program very or somewhat easy, or that 71% found the program very or somewhat interesting. The relevant questionnaire was, as previously stated, designed along the 5-point Likert scale design, and as such was intended to provide a spectrum of responses for participants feelings. It appears that the researchers are using both of the positive responses, rather than breaking the results down into 5 different bands. As the Likert scale was designed to be interpreted using the 5 different bands individually (Likert, 1932), it seems that the results are in fact incorrectly presented. There are a wide variety of different tests that could have replaced any one of the different statistical tests employed. For example, instead of the CMH test, the Chi squared test could have been employed: both are non-parametric tests and both look for significance between two variables (Parahoo, 2006). Ethically, the study appears quite sound on face value. Hek and Moule (2006) set out four different ethical aspects that should be considered in any research: the principles of veracity, justice, beneficence and fidelity/respect. The researchers, for example, showed beneficence. This corresponds to not doing any harm to the participants, ensuring that participants benefit from the study and that the weak/vulnerable are protected from harm (Hek Moule, 2006). This is demonstrated by the inclusion of at least the standard, approved intervention for all of the patients: no-one was explicitly refused help. Veracity refers to ensuring that the truth is always told to participants, and that they are entitled to full disclosure before participating in research (Hek Moule, 2006). Again, this seems to have been implemented quite well: the fundamental design of the study was open, so that all involved were aware of what group they were placed in. Justice refers to being equal to all participants, and not favouring some over others. It also includes being non-discriminatory and ensuring that patients needs are made the priority over the study (Hek Moule, 2006). The sampling method employed ensured that most discrimination was eliminated: the first 1000 attendees were asked to participate. Unfortunately, it appears that by providing extra support to one group over another, the research team could have been seen to be favouring one group over the other. However, as the entire purpose of the study was to prove that the extra intervention made a difference to outcomes, this flaw is inherently unavoidable. Fidelity and respect refer to an array of factors including promoting independence among the participants, respecting autonomy, dignity and providing the right to self-determination and providing anonymity (Hek Moule, 2006). Promoting independence could be interpreted as being promoted by providing the additional intervention: participants of the study were encouraged to use the multimedia system independently as far as possible. All of the patient data was made anonymous by converting patient names into numbers prior to randomisation. Finally, the right of patients to withdraw was made apparent by the initial attrition rate experienced. Some unfortunate ethical issues that seem to have been overlooked include some serious consent issues. The researchers state that the child and caregiver had to be willing to sign a consent form before being allowed to participate. However, there is no mention of informed consent made. Informed consent means that patients are given sufficient information and sufficient time to process that information and provide understanding before consenting (Parahoo, 2006). It has been suggested that for informed consent to be obtained, a cooling off period should be allowed, whereby the participants could change there mind and opt out. The results of the study seem quite promising. From a wider perspective, the results show that the experimental group faired better than the control group, indicating that the intervention provided was at least not detrimental to the overall health of the participants. They show that given the extra intervention, outcomes are improved. The results also seem to prove the two hypotheses tested: lung function was improved, and the improvement was shown to be statistically significant, plus the additional intervention provided was acceptable, and was again statistically significant to within a given value for p. Looking more in depth, the analysis of the data does seem to have been slightly misconstrued, specifically the interpretation of the data obtained from the additional intervention questionnaire. From a clarity perspective, the results are quite difficult to interpret at an undergraduate level student with little previous experience, although the target audience of the research is probably not undergraduate nursing students. The overall validity and usefulness of the results are difficult to interpret. For instance, the sample size seemed to be extremely small, and therefore when the researchers imply that multimedia education can improve all outcomes, the results do not necessarily back up this assumption. The impact that this study will have on policy has the potential to be quite significant. Internet access is now quite common in the western world, and most children are familiar with the reasonably computer-literate. Therefore, adding this particular intervention into the current framework for care could be quite beneficial, although it would probably be more appropriate further research to be carried out before widespread integration. A recent study by Lintonen et al (2007) intimated that the use of information technology, although still in its infancy, had the potential to be developed into a powerful tool for health promotion, as demonstrated through several different current applications, such as smoking cessation. The Essence of Care Health Promotion Benchmarks (DOH, 2006) indicate that patients should have access to information in a way that meets their needs, as well as identifying that a range of different methods should be used in health promotion. This system could be another method by which this is achieved. With regard to current policy, this study neither supports nor challenges: instead, it seeks to augment current practice with the addition of another type of intervention. Conversely, it does raise some interesting questions regarding current policy. For example, why this type of intervention has not been further researched or even already implemented? As the research in itself appears to be quite limited in several ways, further research into the topic could pave the way for such a system to be implemented within the UK. This further research, of course, would need to be quite different from the current research. For example, a much larger sample size would help to provide further validity to findings, whereas integrating more qualitative methods, such as possibly interviewing a selection of participants may help to provide further depth. This particular piece of research fits into practice in a number of ways. It has allowed the exploration of several key ethical issues in more depth, such as consent issues for children and adults, as well as issues surrounding informed consent. As little was mentioned with regard to informed consent, it can only be assumed that this was not felt relevant, something from a healthcare angle can be seen as quite unprofessional. It has also shown that information technology in healthcare should be used much more comprehensively: the technology is available for health promotion systems such as this to be implemented, something that patients may find useful.

Theodore Roosevelt Essay Example

Theodore Roosevelt Essay Example Theodore Roosevelt Essay Theodore Roosevelt Essay The actual cause of the battle was caused when one of the rendering Natives gun went Off resulting in the soldiers firing on the unarmed Natives. It was later called the Natives last stand. 3. Who were the cowboys? They were the heroes of American culture and stories. They were the cattle drivers who led individual lives and the ruthless lawmen who dulled criminals in the streets. 4. Who were the robber barons? These were very rich and powerful businessmen in 1 9th century America who used exploitive methods to gain wealth and influence over politics, the stock market and national resources. 5. Of what was William Tweed boss? William Tweed was the most notorious and powerful politician/businessman in the history of the nation. The infamous Tweed, better known as Boss Tweed or boss of Tammany Hall, acquired huge amounts of wealth through systematic corruption of various businesses and public offices in New York. He became chief of the Department of Public Works in N. Y. C. And leader of Tammany Hall, New Works City Democratic clubhouse. He would win scores of immigrant and disheveled workers votes keeping control of the legislature so that it passed bills that benefited Tweed and associates directly and indirectly. In the end it was estimated he had amassed over $30 million illegally. His associate Samuel Titled finally turned him in after being ridiculed and called out by cartoonist Thomas Nanas. 6. What happened at Homemaker Square? Strike at Homemaker Square or also massacre there was caused by police confusion and distress among the striking workers themselves. The day before there was a strike to rally for an eight-hour workday at the McCormick Reaper Company when during the strike workers attacked strikebreakers and the police fired on the crowd killing six and wounding many others. The next ay as thousands of people gathered in Homemaker Square a bomb was thrown into the polices midst killing seven policemen. This incited a panic across the nation, as it was believed anarchists had caused the attack. 7. Who were the populists? In the late 1 sass the farmers, poverty stricken whites, and even the blacks united to form the Peoples or Populist Party of America. The party formation was because the laborers were fed up with how the government was run and especially the people running the government. Their goals called for the national ownership of the railroads, telegraph lines, and telephone yester. . What was the Cross of Gold? The issue of utmost importance in the sass was over currency whether we should use gold or silver currency and this was the epicenter of all politics during the time. Populists rallied for the Free Silver idea returning to the both gold and silver standard. The party had so much power it provided as the perfect springboard for any politicia n if they took up the cry as well. As the Democrats lost prestige with Cleveland a young Democrat from Nebraska, William Jennings Bryan, decided to seize the opportunity. He spoke at the Democratic nominating convention in 1 896 delivering one of the most memorable speeches ever heard. He dramatically claimed, You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. Then taking a position of crucifixion Bryan said, You shall not crucify mankind on a Cross of Gold. Although his electrifying speech secured him the ticket to the presidency the position was literally bought out by Mark Hanna and Republican William McKinley took office. 9. What did separate but equal mean? It meant that the government could legally segregate races in public remonstration, schools, and other public accommodations. In Please vs.. Ferguson the Supreme Court ruled this constitutional, totally ignoring the 14th Amendment. This led Governments mainly in the south to carry on separating public institutions on the basis that they were equal, but they never were equal. 10. Who was Jim Crow? Who was Uncle Tom? Just like the North used Uncle Tom as a symbol of their ideals Jim Crow was used in the South to represent and justify racist and segregation acts. He originated from a song written by Thomas Dartmouth Rice in the 1 sass and from theatre performances where he was depicted earning the offensive black face. 1. Who fought in the Spanish-American The war was not over any threats made against the U. S. But rather about showing strength and gaining very valuable and new markets for the rich and powerful in the government. President McKinley was surprisingly against the war, but he couldnt hold out against the powerful proponents for war in the government and outside. Henry Cabot Lodge a senator from Ma ssachusetts, Alfred Amman author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, and even future president Theodore Roosevelt called for war. Outside the government ricer were the newspaper giants William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer who knew a war would push paper sales through the roof. These men orchestrated a plot to show Spain as the worst of the worst and have president McKinley stuck in a corner with no escape but war. 12. Milestones in the Spanish-American War: January 25- The U. S. Battleship Maine drops anchor in Havana. February 15- The battleship Maine mysteriously explodes resulting in the deaths of 250 creamers. April 22- Congress passes the Voluntary Army Act calling for a cavalry, Cowboy Cavalry. U. S. Ships blockade Cuba. April 23- McKinley calls for 125,000 recruits. April 24- Spain declares war on the U. S. April 25- The U. S. Declares war exited since April 21 . May 1- The U. S. Pacific forces attack and capture Manila Bay in the Philippines. June 10- The first troops, 647 marines, land on Accountant Bay. July 1 After suffering several causalities at San Juan Heights Colonel Roosevelt takes command and takes San Juan Heights suffering more than 1 500 troops to the smaller Spanish force, but achieves war hero status. July 3- Admiral is ordered to break the blockade and reluctantly tries and fails miserably. July 10- The U. S. Roofs face no resistance and take Santiago and raise the flag. July 26- Through France peace terms are proposed. August 9- Spain accepts McKinley terms. 13. What did America gain from the Spanish-American war? Well we lost much 5,462 troops died mainly from diseases such as yellow fever and malaria. We did gain much territory expected and unexpected. As expected the IS. S. Gai ned control of Cuba and Puerco Rich, but also they gained control of Guam, Wake Island, and the Philippines. Another gain from the war was Theodore Teddy Roosevelt, a war hero riding his fame into the office of the presidency. 14. Who built the Panama Canal? In the 1 8805 a French company begun construction on a canal through the isthmus of then Colombia, but abandoned the project after major setbacks, deaths, and rising expenses. Then after the Spanish War and seeing how long it took for the ships to arrive the U. S. Took up the project, first under McKinley who had the land surveyed then to the fired up Roosevelt. He wouldnt let anything stop him and even incited a rebellion and created the country Panama that they could control. He then ordered the construction of the anal to pick up where the French left off finishing under Woodrow Wilson. 15. What happened at Kitty Hawk? Although not significant to many in 1903 on December 17, 1903 the Wright brothers piloted the first ever flight of a heavier-than air aircraft. A historic achievement that went down in the record books. 16. What was big stick? President Roosevelt was a powerful man and he got his way, even through force. His favorite saying is Speak softly, and carry a big stick; you will go far. His big stick was the military one of the most powerful. When miners went f strike and the companies wouldnt budge on the demands Roosevelt threatened to have the military run the mines if the company didnt Start work somehow again. 7. Who were the muckrakers? This was another term made popular by president Roosevelt he used the term to refer to journalists who wouldnt budge on their paths to uncover corruption. He got the name from Banyans man with the Muck-Rake, this character would be to fed up with the crap at his feet rather than try to reach the celestial crown. Roosevelt aimed this at the journalist s such as Ida M. Darrell, Lincoln Stiffens, and Upton Sinclair. These writers would investigate, expose, and bring down corrupted businesses and government like the meat packing industry and Standard Oil. 18. Who were the Wobbliest? The Industrial Workers of the Worlds, a labor union created in 1905, members were called Wobbliest. 19. Who was W. E. B. Dais? William Edward Burghers Dubos was one of the co-founders of the N. AC. P. And also was socialist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africans, author, and editor. He became famous after leading the Niagara Movement an African-American activist group that wanted equal rights for blacks. 20. What was the Bull Moose party? This was a party formed by Theodore Roosevelt after he split the Republican Party in the 191 2 presidential election. It was originally called the Progressive party but became the Bull Moose after reporters quoted Roosevelt as saying l feel like a bull moose. 21. Who was Poncho Villa? Jose Doter Orange Armful also known as Poncho Villa or Francisco Villa was a prominent Mexican Revolutionary General. He commanded the division of the north one of the larger Mexican states rich in resources. The Mexican people revered him as a hero as he would regularly raid trains, take over sciences, and distribute land to peasants and soldiers. 22. How did a dead archduke in Sarajevo start a world war? The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary happened not in a very friendly country and the Status-Hungarian government blaming Serbia declared war against them. This caused Australias allies Germany to declare war as well dragging in Serbians allies further escalating the conflict. 23. Who sank the Louisiana, and what difference did it make? The Louisiana was sunk by a German U-boat citing that it violated international trade laws by carrying illegal arms.

Family Tree Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family Tree - Assignment Example He wakes up really early in the morning. He drinks his coffee and reads the paper. My dad is full spirited. When he comes home from work he never fails to share his stories and anecdotes from his work. Nevertheless, he still manages to lay down his rules. If one of us fails to follow it, we sure will have a serious spanking. This is probably because he was a teacher, and now, is currently working as a superintendent of schools. His job requires him to teach the rules and at the same time follow them. On the other hand, there's my mom. My mom is of medium height, not that tall nor is she short. She has brown hair and blue eyes. My mom is a hard working and talkative woman. She prefers to stay at home to decorate the house and tend to the cooking, which my dad loves. His favorite food is muchos burritos. He would eat that every lunch that my mother brings to him in school. She loves to cook and start small projects that could potentially earn her extra income. She especially loves dancing and sewing. Her favorite pieces to work on are throw pillow cases and curtains. These are easy to make and sell at the same time. Samba is her favorite stress reliever. During her younger years, she would join contests will surely grab the award. She's really the best. Pap adores my mother; he always says "When I met your mother, I thought she was a caliente exquisite woman of an exotic beauty".